Science
Physical Sciences
- Support an argument that the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on objects is directed down.
- Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.
- Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.
- Support an argument that differences in the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from Earth.
- Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky.
Social Studies
Geography
History
- Geographic characteristics of the United States
- population growth, migration, and settlement patterns in the United States
- territorial expansion to the Appalachian Mountains
- territorial expansion to the Mississippi River
- territorial expansion to the Pacific Ocean
History
- Changes in industry, transportation, education and rights in the 1800s
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